Danish III Tutorial: Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar
| airport | lufthavn | embassy | ambassade | port | havn |
| bakery | bager | factory | fabrik | prison | fængsel |
| bank | bank | farm | bondegård | restaurant | restaurant |
| bar | bar | fountain | fontæne | road/street | vej/gade |
| barn | lade | garage | garage (n) | school | skole |
| barracks | barrak(er) | hospital | hospital | sidewalk | fortorv |
| bench | bænk | hotel | hotel | square | torv |
| bookstore | boghandel | house | hus | stable | stald |
| bridge | bro | hut | hytte | stadium | stadion |
| building | bygning | inn | kro | store | butik |
| castle | slot | library | bibliotek | suburb | forstad |
| cathedral | katedral | market | marked | theater | teater |
| cemetery | kirkegård | monument | monument | tower | tårn |
| church | kirke | museum | museum | town | by |
| cinema | biograf | palace | palads | town hall | rådhus |
| consulate | konsulat | path | sti | train station | togstation |
| corner | hjørne | pharmacy | apotek |
university | universitet |
| courtyard | gård | police station | politistation | village | landsby |
| airplane | fly |
| bicycle | cykel |
| boat | båd |
| bus | bus |
| car | bil |
| moped | knallert |
| motorcycle | motorcykel |
| ship | skib |
| streetcar | sporvogn |
| train | tog |
| truck | lastbil |
Adjectives must agree in gender and number with the nouns they describe. In Danish, adjectives are placed before the noun, as in English. However, the adjectives add endings depending on indefinite or definite use. If indefinite, common nouns usually add nothing, neuter nouns add -t and plural nouns add -e. If definite, many adjectives add -e to all forms. If the definite article is used before the adjective and noun, den, det and de are used in place of the regular articles.
| Indefinite | Definite | ||
| a beautiful car | en flot bil | the beautiful car | den flotte bil |
| a beautiful house | et flot hus | the beautiful house | det flotte hus |
| beautiful cars | flotte bilar | the beautiful cars | de flotte biler |
Regular and Irregular Indefinite Declensions
| common | neuter | plural | |
| god | godt | gode | good |
| ond | ondt | onde | bad |
| blå | blåt |
blå | blue |
| smuk | smukt | smukke | beautiful |
| egen | eget | egne | own |
| gammel | gammelt | gamle | old |
| lille | lille | små | little / small |
Forming the comparative and superlative of adjectives in Swedish is very similar to English. Most adjectives add -ere to the adjective for the comparative and -est(e) for the superlative. Some adjectives add nothing to the adjective, but use mere or mest (more or most) before the adjective.
| comparative | superlative | |
| strong adjectives | -ere | -est |
| weak adjectives | -ere | -este |
| many syllables | mere | mest |
Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms
| good - better - best | god | bedre | bedst |
| bad - worse - worst | slem(t) | værre | værst |
| bad - less good - least good | dårlig | slemmere | slemmest |
| few - fewer - fewest | få | færre | færrest |
| small - smaller - smallest | lille | mindre | mindst |
| many - more - most | mange | flere | flest |
| much - more - most | meget | mere | mest |
| old - older - oldest | gammel | ældre | ældst |
| alarm clock | alarmklokke | desk | skrivebord | refrigerator | køleskab |
| armchair | lænestol | door | dør | roof | tag |
| attic | loft | doorbell | dørklokke | room | værelse |
| balcony | balkon | drawer | skuffe | rug | gulvtæppe |
| basement | kælder | fence | hegn | sheet | lagen |
| basket | kurv | fireplace | pejs | shelf | hylde |
| bathroom | badeværelse | floor | gulv | shower | bruser |
| bathtub | badekar | floor / storey | sal | sink | vask |
| bed | seng | furniture | møbel | sofa | sofa |
| bedroom | soveværelse | garden | have | stairs | trapper |
| blanket | tæppe | ground floor | stuen | stove | komfur |
| blinds | persienner | house | hus | table | bord |
| bookcase | bogreol | iron (flat) | jern | tap (faucet) | vandhane |
| box | kasse | key | nøgle | telephone | telefon |
| broom | kost | kitchen | køkken | television | fjernsyn |
| carpet | tæppe | lamp | lampe | toaster | brødrister |
| ceiling | loft | lawn | plæne | toilet (WC) | toilet (WC) |
| chair | stol | light bulb | pære | towel | håndklæde |
| chimney | skorsten | lock | lås | vacuum cleaner | støvsuger |
| clock | ur | mattress | madras | vase | vase |
| closet | skab | mirror | spejl | wall | mur |
| computer | computer | oven | ovn | wall (room) | væg |
| corner | hjørne | pantry | spisekammer | window | vindue |
| cupboard | skab | picture | billede | yard | gård |
| curtain | gardin | pillow | pude | ||
| cushion | pude | pipe (water) | pipe (vand) |
| apron | forklæde | glasses | briller | shorts | shorts |
| bathrobe | badekåbe | glove | handske | silk | silke |
| belt | bælte | handbag | håndtaske | skirt | nederdel |
| blouse | bluse | handkerchief | lommetørklæde | sleeve | ærme |
| boot | støvle | hat | hat | slippers | sutsko |
| bra | BH | jacket | jakke | soap | sæbe |
| bracelet | armbånd | necklace | halskæde | sock | sok |
| brush | børste | needle | nål | stocking | strømpebuks |
| buckle | spænde | nightgown | natkjole | suit | jakkesæt |
| button | knap | overcoat | overfrakke | sunglasses | solbriller |
| cap | kasket | pants | bukser | suspenders | seler |
| clothes | tøj | pin | nål | sweater | sweater |
| coat | frakke | lomme | swimsuit | badetøj | |
| collar | krave | purse | pung | thread | tråd |
| comb | kam | raincoat | regnjakke | tie | slips |
| contact lens | kontaktlinse | ring | ring | T-shirt | T-shirt |
| cotton | bomuld | scarf | tørklæde | umbrella | paraply |
| dress | kjole | shirt | skjorte | waistcoat | frakke |
| earrings | øreringe | shoe | sko | watch | ur |
| fashion | mode | shoelaces | snørrebånd | wool | uld |
| badminton | badminton | rugby | rugby |
| baseball | baseball | sailing | sejlsport |
| basketball | basket | skiing | skiløb |
| bowling | bowling | soccer | fodbold |
| boxing | boxing | surfing | surfing |
| cycling | cykelsport | swimming | svømning |
| golf | golf | table tennis | bordtennis |
| hockey | hockey | tennis | tennis |
| ice-skating | skøjteløb | volleyball | volleyboll |
| jogging | løb | wrestling | brydning |
| air | luft | grass | græs | root | rod |
| bank | strand | gulf | golf | rose | rose |
| bay | bugt | hail | hagl | salt water | saltvand |
| beach | strand | hay | hø | sand | sand |
| branch | gren | high tide | flod | sea | hav |
| bud | knop | hill | bakke | shadow | skygge |
| bush | busk | ice | is | sky | himmel |
| cape | kap | island | ø | snow | sne |
| cave | grotte | isthmus | landtange | soil | jord |
| climate | klima | jungle | jungel | south | syd |
| cloud | sky | lake | sø | spring (water) | kilde |
| coast | kyst | leaf | blad | star | stjerne |
| comet | komet | light | lys | stem | stamme |
| constellation | konstellation | lightning | lyn | storm | storm |
| country(side) | land (n) | lily | lilje | strait | sund |
| current | strøm | low tide | ebbe | stream | bæk |
| daffodil | påskelilje | meadow | eng | sun | sol |
| daisy | mælkebøtte | moon | måne | sunflower | solsikke |
| darkness | mørke | mountain | bjerg | thaw | tø |
| desert | ørken | mountain range | bjergkæde | thunder | torden |
| dew | dug | mud | mudder | tornado | tornado |
| dust | støv | nature | natur | tree | træ |
| earth | jord | north | nord | tulip | tulipan |
| east | øst | peninsula | halvø | valley | dal |
| farm | gård / landbrug | plain | slætte | view | udsigt |
| field | mark | planet | planet | water | vandfald |
| flower | blomst | plant | plante | waterfall | vandfald |
| foam | skum | pond | dam | wave | bølge |
| fog | tåge | rain | regn | weather | vejr |
| forest | skov | rainbow | regnbue | west | vest |
| fresh water | ferskvand | river | flod | wind | vind |
| frost | frost | rock | klippe | world | verden |
| ankle | ankel | finger | finger | nail | negl |
| arm | arm | fist | knytnæve | neck | hals |
| artery | pulsåre | flesh | kød | nerve | nerve |
| back | ryg | foot | fod | nose | næse |
| beard | skæg | forehead | pande | pulse | puls |
| belly | mave | gum | tandkød | rib | ribben |
| bladder | blære | hair | hår | shin | skindeben |
| blood | blod | hand | hånd | shoulder | skulder |
| body | krop | head | hoved | skeleton | skelet |
| bone | knogle | health | hals | skin | hud |
| brain | hjerne | heart | hjerte | skull | kranie |
| breast | bryst | heel | hæl | sole | sål |
| breath | ånde / åndedrag | hip | hofte | spine | rygrad |
| calf | læg | intestines | tarme | stomach | mave |
| cheek | kind | jaw | kæbe | temple | tinning |
| chest | brystkasse | kidney | nyre | thigh | lår |
| chin | hage | knee | knæ | throat | strube |
| complexion | hudfarve | leg | ben | thumb | tommelfinger |
| ear | øre | lip | læbe | toe | tå |
| elbow | albue | liver | lever | tongue | tunge |
| eye | øje | lung | lunge | tooth | tand |
| eyebrow | øjenbryn | moustache | overskæg | vein | åre |
| eyelid | øjelåg | mouth | mund | waist | liv |
| face | ansigt | muscle | muskel | wrist | håndled |
The relative pronoun som can be translated at that, which, whom, or who and it can act as a subject or as a complement. Interrogatives such as hvem (who), hvis (whose), hvad (what), and hvilken/hvilket/hvilke (which) as well as der (who, which, that) can also be used as relative pronouns to join two clauses together.
| animal | dyr | giraffe | giraf | pig | gris |
| ant | myre | goat | ged | pigeon | due |
| badger | grævling | goose | gås | pike | gedde |
| bat | flagermus | gorilla | gorilla | rabbit | kanin |
| beak | næb | grasshopper | græshoppe | raccoon | vaskebjørn |
| bear | bjørn | hamster | hamster | rat | rotte |
| bee | bi | hare | hare | rooster | hane |
| beetle | bille | hedgehog | pindsvind | salmon | laks |
| bird | fugl | hen | høne | scale | skæl |
| blackbird | solsort | heron | hejre | scorpion | skorpion |
| bull | tyr | herring | sild | sea gull | måge |
| butterfly | sommerfugl | hoof | hov | seahorse | søhest |
| calf | kalv | horn | horn | seal | sæl |
| carp | karbe | horse | hest | shark | haj |
| cat | kat | hummingbird | kolibri | sheep | får |
| caterpillar | larve | iguana | Ieguan | shrimp | reje |
| chicken | kylling | insect | insekt | slug | skovsnegl |
| chimpanzee | chimpanse | jellyfish | vandmand | snail | snegl |
| claw | klo | kitten | killing | snake | slange |
| cockroach | kakerlak | ladybug | mariehøne | sole | søtunge |
| cod | torsk | lamb | lam | sparrow | spurv |
| cow | ko | lark | lærke | spider | edderkop |
| crab | krabbe | lion | løve | squirrel | egern |
| crayfish | krebs | lizard | firben | starfish | søstjerne |
| crocodile | krokodille | lobster (spiny) | hummer | stork | stork |
| crow | krage | louse | lus | swallow | svale |
| deer | hjort | mackerel | makrel | swan | svane |
| dog | hund | mole | mulvarp | tadpole | haletudse |
| donkey | æsel | monkey | abe | tail | hale |
| dragonfly | guldsmed | mosquito | myg | tiger | tiger |
| duck | and | moth | natsværmer | toad | tudse |
| eagle | ørn | mouse | mus | trout | ørred |
| eel | ål | mule | muldyr | tuna | tun |
| elephant | elefant | nightingale | nattergal | turkey | kalkun |
| feather | fjer | octopus | blæksprutte | turtle | skildpadde |
| fin | finde | ostrich | struds | wasp | hveps |
| fish | fisk | owl | ugle | weasel | væsel |
| flea | loppe | ox | okse | whale | hval |
| fly | flue | oyster | østers | wing | vinge |
| fox | ræv | parrot | papegøje | wolf | ulv |
| frog | frø | partridge | agerhøne | worm | orm |
| fur | pæls | paw | pote | zebra | zebra |
| gill | gælle | penguin | pingvin |
| never | aldrig | possibly | muligvis |
| always | altid | often | ofte |
| probably | formentlig | already | allerede |
| at least | i det mindste | surely | sikkert |
| only, merely | bare | seldom | sjældent |
| gladly, willingly | gerne | soon | snart |
| not | ikke | probably | sandsynligvis |
| maybe, perhaps | måske | usually | sædvanligvis |
| hardly | næppe | really, indeed | virkelig |
| Location | Movement | |
| in | inde | ind |
| out | ude | ud |
| there | fremme | frem |
| up | oppe | op |
| down | nede | ned |
| here | her | her |
| there | der | der |
| away | borte | bort |
| (at) home | hjemme | hjem |
Location adverbs are used with verbs of rest and movement adverbs are used with verbs of motion.
Jens er her. Jens is here.
Jens kommer her. Jens is coming here.
Mor bliver hjemme. Mother is staying home.
Mor går hjem. Mother is going home.
54. Present & Past Participles
| backpack | rygsæk | lamp | lampe |
| book | bog | laptop | bærbar / computer |
| briefcase | kuffert | map | kort |
| cabinet | skab | microphone | mikrofon |
| cable | kabel | monitor | skærm |
| calculator | regnemaskine | mouse | mus |
| calendar | kalender | mousepad | musemåtte |
| chair | stol | newspaper | avis |
| chalk | kridt | notebook | notesbog |
| computer | computer | novel | roman |
| crayon | farveblyant | page | side |
| date | dato | paper | papir |
| desk | bord | paper clip | papirclips |
| dictionary | ordbog | pen | kuglepen |
| document | dokument | periodical | tidskrift |
| drawer | skuffe | photocopier | kopimaskine |
| envelope | kuvert | printer | printer |
| eraser | viskelæder | ruler | lineal |
| fax machine | fax maskine | scanner | scanner |
| file | fil | scissors | saks |
| globe | globus | sender | sender |
| glue | lim | software | software |
| ink | blæk | typewriter | skrivemaskine |
| keyboard | tastatur | wastebasket | skraldespand |
| alloy | legering | axe | økse |
| brass | mæssing | board | bræt |
| brick | mursten | chisel | mejsel |
| cement | cement | cord | reb |
| chalk | kridt | file | fil |
| clay | ler | gun | gevær |
| coal | kul | hammer | hammer |
| concrete | beton | hoe | hakke |
| copper | kobber | hook (fishing) | krog |
| cork | kork | line (fishing) | line |
| glass | glas | nail | søm |
| gold | guld | net | net |
| iron | jern | nut | møtrik |
| lead | bly | pliers | tang |
| leather | læder | plow | plov |
| lime | kalk | rod (fishing) | fiskestang |
| marble | marmor | saw | sav |
| mercury | kviksølv | scissors | saks |
| metal | metal | screw | skrue |
| rubber | gummi | screwdriver | skruemaskine |
| silver | sølv | spring | fjeder |
| steel | stål | string | snor |
| stone | sten | tool | værktøj |
| tar | tjære | tool box | værktøjskasse |
| tin | tin | wire | tråd |
| wood | træ | wrench | svensknøgle |
| arrival | ankomst | platform | perron |
| baggage | bagage | porter | portør |
| border | grænse | railroad car | togvogn |
| coach, car | vogn | railway | togspor |
| compartment | kupé | return ticket | returbillet |
| connection | forbindelse | seat | plads |
| customs | told | sleeping car | sovevogn |
| delay | forsinkelse | station | station |
| departure | afgang | station master | stationsinspektør |
| engine | motor | stop | stop |
| entrance | indgang | suitcase | kuffert |
| exit | udgang | ticket | billet |
| guard | vagt | ticket office | billetkontor |
| information bureau | informationskontor | time table | tidstabel |
| lavatory | toilet | trunk | bagagerum |
| passenger | passager | visa | visum |
| passport | pas | waiting room | ventesal |
