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Spanish Letter | English Sound |
a | ah as in father |
e | ay as in bait |
i | ee as in feet |
o | oh as in coat |
u | oo as in moon |
ai / all / ay | as in eye |
ca, co, cu, c + cons. | k as in kite |
ce, ci | s as in see (most varieties of Spanish) / th as in thief (northern/central Spain) |
d | similar to th as in thigh when between 2 vowels |
ga, go, gue, gué, gui | g as in go |
gua, güe, güi, guo | gw |
ge, gi | hard h (similar to last sound in loch or Bach) |
h | (silent - not pronounced in Spanish) |
j | hard h (similar to last sound in loch or Bach) |
ll | y as in yes (most varieties) lli as in million (northern/central Spain) zh as in measure (Argentina) |
ñ | ny as in canyon |
qu | k as in kite |
r | similar to a soft d when between 2 vowels; sometimes weakened to l |
rr | r with a roll of the tongue |
s | s as in see but often weakened to h or not pronounced when at end of syllable (most of Latin America, southern Spain/Canary Islands) |
v | b at beginning of word, very soft b between 2 vowels |
z | s as in see but often weakened to h or not pronounced when at end of syllable (most of Latin America, southern Spain/Canary Islands) / th as in thief (northern/central Spain) |
Stress: Just as in English, Spanish stresses a certain syllable in a word. If a word ends in a consonant, except s or n, the stress is on the last syllable. If a word ends in a vowel, or s or n, the stress is on the second-to-last syllable. For words that do no follow these rules, an accent is written over the vowel so that you will know to stress that syllable, as in el pájaro (bird).
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